- docs/IOS27.2-KERNEL-DIFF.md: 27.0.1 vs 27.2 (iPhone19,7), 162 advisory CVEs, 93 size-changed kexts; confirmed fix sites for 112705 (NTL 0..7 assertion), 113910 (produced vs expected chunk bytes), 112507 (ipr/table NULL checks in ipc_misc.c); __DATA_SPTM byte-identical, no PPL/SPTM/MIE code change or bypass fix - tools/ipsw/: Range-based IPSW reader, IM4P/LZFSE + fileset parser, kext extractor, llvm-objdump diff, advisory mapper - CVE-2026-112705: --sweep mode (0..12, no frame) in both POCs; app module now sweeps 0/1/7/8/64/1024/16462/16463 - app 2.3 build 7
246 lines
8.8 KiB
Python
246 lines
8.8 KiB
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
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"""Minimal IPSW / IM4P / Mach-O toolkit for the 27.0.1 vs 27.2 kernel diff.
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No external ipsw binary is available on this host, so this implements the pieces
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needed for the kernelcache comparison:
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* IM4P container parse + LZFSE payload decode
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* embedded Mach-O (kext) scan inside a prelinked kernelcache
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* UUID / segment / function-start extraction
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* function-level hashing and a two-build diff
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Only reads files; nothing here writes to a device.
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"""
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import hashlib
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import os
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import struct
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import sys
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import zipfile
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try:
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import lzfse
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except ImportError:
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lzfse = None
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# ── IM4P ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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def im4p_payload(data: bytes) -> bytes:
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if data[:4] != b"IM4P":
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return data
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# magic(4) type(4) header_len(4 BE) header payload
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hlen = struct.unpack(">I", data[8:12])[0]
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return data[12 + hlen:]
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def decompress(payload: bytes) -> bytes:
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# LZFSE streams start with bvx2 / bvx- / bvx$
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for magic in (b"bvx2", b"bvx-", b"bvx$"):
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i = payload.find(magic)
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if i >= 0:
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if lzfse is None:
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raise RuntimeError("lzfse module missing")
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return lzfse.decompress(payload[i:])
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if payload[:2] == b"\x1f\x8b":
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import gzip
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return gzip.decompress(payload)
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return payload
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def read_kernelcache(ipsw_path: str, member: str) -> bytes:
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with zipfile.ZipFile(ipsw_path) as z:
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raw = z.read(member)
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return decompress(im4p_payload(raw))
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# ── Mach-O ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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MH_MAGIC_64 = 0xFEEDFACF
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LC_SEGMENT_64 = 0x19
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LC_SYMTAB = 0x2
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LC_UUID = 0x1B
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LC_FUNCTION_STARTS = 0x26
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LC_UNIXTHREAD = 0x5
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CPU_NAMES = {0x0100000C: "arm64", 0x0100000C | 0x02000000: "arm64e"}
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class MachO:
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def __init__(self, data: bytes, off: int = 0):
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self.data = data
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self.off = off
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magic, cputype, cpusub, filetype, ncmds, sizeofcmds, flags, _ = struct.unpack_from(
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"<IiiIIIII", data, off)
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if magic != MH_MAGIC_64:
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raise ValueError("not a 64-bit Mach-O")
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self.magic = magic
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self.cputype = cputype
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self.cpusub = cpusub
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self.filetype = filetype
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self.ncmds = ncmds
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self.sizeofcmds = sizeofcmds
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self.flags = flags
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self.segments = []
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self.uuid = None
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self.function_starts = None
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self.symtab = None
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self._parse_commands()
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def _parse_commands(self):
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o = self.off + 32
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for _ in range(self.ncmds):
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cmd, cmdsize = struct.unpack_from("<II", self.data, o)
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if cmdsize < 8:
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break
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if cmd == LC_SEGMENT_64:
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name = self.data[o + 8:o + 24].split(b"\0")[0].decode("ascii", "replace")
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vmaddr, vmsize, fileoff, filesize = struct.unpack_from("<QQQQ", self.data, o + 24)
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maxprot, initprot, nsects, flags = struct.unpack_from("<IIII", self.data, o + 56)
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seg = {
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"name": name, "vmaddr": vmaddr, "vmsize": vmsize,
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"fileoff": fileoff, "filesize": filesize,
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"maxprot": maxprot, "initprot": initprot, "nsects": nsects,
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"sections": [],
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}
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so = o + 72
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for _s in range(nsects):
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sect = self.data[so:so + 16].split(b"\0")[0].decode("ascii", "replace")
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segn = self.data[so + 16:so + 32].split(b"\0")[0].decode("ascii", "replace")
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addr, size, offset = struct.unpack_from("<QQI", self.data, so + 32)
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seg["sections"].append({"seg": segn, "sect": sect, "addr": addr,
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"size": size, "offset": offset})
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so += 80
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self.segments.append(seg)
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elif cmd == LC_UUID:
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self.uuid = self.data[o + 8:o + 24].hex()
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elif cmd == LC_FUNCTION_STARTS:
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dataoff, datasize = struct.unpack_from("<II", self.data, o + 8)
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self.function_starts = (dataoff, datasize)
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elif cmd == LC_SYMTAB:
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symoff, nsyms, stroff, strsize = struct.unpack_from("<IIII", self.data, o + 8)
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self.symtab = (symoff, nsyms, stroff, strsize)
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o += cmdsize
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def text_segment(self):
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for s in self.segments:
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if s["name"] == "__TEXT_EXEC":
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return s
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for s in self.segments:
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if s["name"] == "__TEXT":
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return s
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return None
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def function_offsets(self):
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"""Absolute file offsets of function starts, decoded from LC_FUNCTION_STARTS."""
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if not self.function_starts:
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return []
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dataoff, datasize = self.function_starts
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base = self.off + dataoff
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end = base + datasize
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text = self.text_segment()
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if text is None:
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return []
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# LC_FUNCTION_STARTS dataoff is relative to the Mach-O header (linkedit).
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addr = text["vmaddr"]
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out = []
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p = base
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while p < end and self.data[p] != 0:
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delta = 0
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shift = 0
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while True:
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b = self.data[p]
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p += 1
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delta |= (b & 0x7F) << shift
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shift += 7
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if not (b & 0x80):
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break
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addr += delta
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out.append(addr)
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return out
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def _file_base(self, s):
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# In a MH_FILESET, segment fileoffs are absolute in the container; in a
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# standalone Mach-O they are relative to the header (which sits at self.off).
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return s["fileoff"] if s["fileoff"] >= self.off else self.off + s["fileoff"]
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def vm_to_file(self, addr, seg=None):
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for s in self.segments:
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if s["vmaddr"] <= addr < s["vmaddr"] + s["vmsize"]:
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return self._file_base(s) + (addr - s["vmaddr"])
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return None
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def cstring_bytes(self):
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out = bytearray()
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for seg in self.segments:
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for sec in seg.get("sections", []):
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if sec["sect"] in ("__cstring", "__oslogstring"):
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base = sec["offset"] if sec["offset"] >= self.off else self.off + sec["offset"]
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out += self.data[base: base + sec["size"]]
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out += b"\0"
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return bytes(out)
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def text_bytes(self):
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t = self.text_segment()
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if not t:
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return b""
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base = self._file_base(t)
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return self.data[base: base + t["filesize"]]
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def scan_machos(data: bytes, limit=20000):
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"""Scan a prelinked kernelcache for embedded Mach-O headers (page aligned)."""
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out = []
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off = 0
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n = len(data)
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while off + 32 <= n and len(out) < limit:
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if data[off:off + 4] == b"\xcf\xfa\xed\xfe":
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try:
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m = MachO(data, off)
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out.append(m)
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except Exception:
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pass
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off += 0x1000 # kexts are page aligned
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return out
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def macho_summary(m: MachO) -> dict:
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text = m.text_bytes()
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return {
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"off": m.off,
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"cpu": CPU_NAMES.get(m.cputype, hex(m.cputype)),
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"sub": m.cpusub,
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"filetype": m.filetype,
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"uuid": m.uuid,
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"text_size": len(text),
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"text_sha256": hashlib.sha256(text).hexdigest()[:16],
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"segments": [(s["name"], s["vmsize"]) for s in m.segments if s["name"].startswith("__")],
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"nfuncs": len(m.function_offsets()) if m.function_starts else 0,
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}
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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cmd = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else ""
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if cmd == "list":
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with zipfile.ZipFile(sys.argv[2]) as z:
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for i in z.infolist():
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if any(k in i.filename for k in ("kernelcache", "dyld_shared_cache", "BuildManifest")):
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print(i.filename, i.file_size)
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elif cmd == "kernel":
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data = read_kernelcache(sys.argv[2], sys.argv[3])
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print("kernelcache bytes", len(data), "sha256", hashlib.sha256(data).hexdigest()[:16])
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ms = scan_machos(data)
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print("embedded Mach-Os:", len(ms))
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for m in ms[:10]:
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print(macho_summary(m))
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else:
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print("usage: ipswlib.py list <ipsw> | kernel <ipsw> <member>")
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def dump_macho(m: MachO, path: str) -> int:
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"""Write the Mach-O image (header through the last segment's file extent)."""
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end = 32 + m.sizeofcmds
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for s in m.segments:
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end = max(end, s["fileoff"] + s["filesize"])
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blob = m.data[m.off:m.off + end]
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with open(path, "wb") as f:
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f.write(blob)
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return len(blob)
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